Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs)

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) ua rau siv cov khoom tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb xws li erbium (Er3+) ua qhov nruab nrab amplification.Nws yog doped rau hauv cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom.Nws muaj ib qho luv luv ntawm fiber ntau (feem ntau yog 10 m los yog li ntawd) ua los ntawm iav uas ib tug me me tswj tus nqi ntawm erbium ntxiv raws li ib tug dopant nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ion (Er3+).Yog li, silica fiber ua raws li tus tswv tsev nruab nrab.Nws yog dopants (erbium) es tsis yog silica fiber uas txiav txim siab qhov kev ua haujlwm wavelength thiab qhov nce bandwidth.EDFAs feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv thaj tsam 1550 nm wavelength thiab tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm tshaj 1 Tbps.Yog li, lawv tau siv dav hauv WDM systems.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm stimulated emission muaj feem xyuam rau lub amplification mechanism ntawm EDFA.Thaum lub dopant (ib qho erbium ion) nyob rau hauv lub zog siab, ib qho teeb meem photon ntawm cov teeb liab input optical yuav txhawb nws.Nws tso qee lub zog rau lub dopant thiab rov qab mus rau lub xeev qis zog ("stimulated emission") uas ruaj khov dua.Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog cov qauv ntawm EDFA.

1.1 Cov qauv tsim ntawm EDFA

Lub twj tso kua mis laser diode ib txwm ua rau lub teeb pom kev ntawm lub wavelength (ntawm 980 nm lossis 1480 nm) ntawm lub zog siab (~ 10-200 mW).Cov teeb liab no yog ua ke nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv erbiumdoped seem ntawm silica fiber los ntawm WDM coupler.Cov erbium ions yuav nqus cov twj tso kua mis lub zog thiab dhia mus rau lawv lub xeev zoo siab.Ib feem ntawm cov teeb liab tso zis yog tapping thiab pub rov qab ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm lub twj tso kua mis laser los ntawm cov lim dej kho qhov muag thiab lub tshuab ntes.Qhov no ua haujlwm raws li kev tawm tswv yim tswj hwm lub zog kom ua EDFAs ua tus tswj hwm tus kheej lub suab nrov.Thaum tag nrho cov metastable electrons tau noj ces tsis muaj kev nthuav dav ntxiv.Yog li ntawd, lub kaw lus stabilizes cia li vim hais tias qhov tso zis optical zog ntawm EDFA tseem yuav luag tas li txawm hais tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog nkag, yog tias muaj.

1.2 Simplified functional schematic ntawm EDFA

Daim duab saum toj no qhia tau hais tias qhov kev ua haujlwm yooj yim ntawm EDFA nyob rau hauv uas lub twj tso kua mis teeb liab los ntawm lub laser ntxiv rau lub teeb liab input optical (ntawm 1480 nm lossis 980 nm) los ntawm WDM coupler.

Daim duab no qhia txog qhov yooj yim EDF amplifier.Lub wavelength ntawm lub twj tso kua mis teeb liab (nrog lub zog twj tso kua mis txog 50 mW) yog 1480 nm lossis 980 nm.Qee qhov ntawm cov teeb liab lub twj tso kua mis no tau xa mus rau lub teeb liab kho qhov muag los ntawm kev txhawb nqa emission nyob rau hauv luv luv ntawm Erbium-doped fiber ntau.Nws muaj qhov muag pom tau zoo li ntawm 5-15 dB thiab tsawg dua 10 dB suab nrov.Rau kev ua haujlwm 1550 nm, nws tuaj yeem tau txais 30-40 dB optical nce.

1.3 Kev ua tau zoo ntawm EDFA

Daim duab saum toj no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm yooj yim ntawm EDFA nrog nws cov qauv siv tau thaum siv hauv WDM daim ntawv thov.

Raws li tau pom, nws suav nrog cov hauv qab no tseem ceeb:

• Ib qho isolator ntawm lub tswv yim.Qhov no ua rau lub suab nrov uas tsim los ntawm EDFA los ntawm kev nthuav tawm mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub transmitter.

• WDM txuas.Nws ua ke lub zog qis 1550 nm optical input cov ntaub ntawv teeb liab nrog lub zog siab siv hluav taws xob kho qhov muag teeb liab (los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis xws li laser) ntawm 980 nm wavelength.

• Ib feem me me ntawm erbium-doped silica fiber.Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm EDFA.

• Ib qho isolator ntawm qhov tso zis.Nws pab tiv thaiv cov teeb liab rov qab-reflected optical los ntawm kev nkag mus rau erbium-doped silica fiber.

Qhov kawg tso zis teeb liab yog ib qho amplified 1550 nm wavelength optical cov ntaub ntawv teeb liab nrog ib tug residual 980 nm wavelength twj tso kua mis teeb liab.

Hom Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs)

Muaj ob hom qauv ntawm Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs):

• EDFA nrog cov twj tso kua mis sib txuas

• EDFA nrog counter-propagating twj tso kua mis

Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog cov twj tso kua mis tawm thiab cov twj tso kua mis bidirectional uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov qauv EDFA.

Kev npaj twj tso kua mis sib txawv

Lub twj tso kua mis sib txuas EDFA nta qis tso zis hluav taws xob nrog lub suab qis;thaum lub twj tso kua mis tawm EDFA muab ntau dua qhov muag pom lub zog tab sis ua suab nrov ntau dua.Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev lag luam EDFA, lub twj tso kua mis ob-txoj kev nrog kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev tawm tsam tawm tsam yog siv uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muag pom.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm EDFA raws li kev txhawb nqa, hauv-kab, thiab ua ntej amplifier

Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev-ntev daim ntawv thov ntawm ib tug optical fiber kev sib txuas lus txuas, EDFAs yuav siv tau raws li ib tug booster amplifier ntawm cov zis ntawm lub optical transmitter, ib tug nyob rau hauv-kab kho qhov muag amplifier nrog rau cov kho qhov muag fiber raws li ib tug pre-amplifier ua ntej lub receiver, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab saum toj no.

Nws yuav raug muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv-kab EDFAs tau muab tso rau ntawm 20-100 km deb sib nrug nyob ntawm seb cov fiber ntau poob.Lub teeb liab optical input yog nyob ntawm 1.55 μm wavelength, whereas lub twj tso kua mis lasers ua haujlwm ntawm 1.48 μm lossis 980 nm wavelength.Qhov ntev ntawm Erbium-doped fiber ntau yog 10-50 m.

Amplification Mechanism hauv EDFAs

Raws li tau hais ua ntej, lub tshuab ua kom nrov nrov hauv EDFA yog raws li kev txhawb nqa emission zoo ib yam li hauv laser.Lub zog siab los ntawm lub teeb pom kev twj tso kua mis (tsim los ntawm lwm lub laser) zoo siab rau dopant erbium ions (Er3+) hauv silica fiber ntau ntawm lub zog sab saud.Cov tswv yim kho qhov muag cov ntaub ntawv teeb liab txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov zoo siab Erbium ions mus rau lub xeev qis zog thiab ua rau cov hluav taws xob ntawm photons nrog tib lub zog, piv txwv li, tib lub wavelength raws li cov teeb liab input optical.

Energy-level Diagram: Dawb Erbium ions nthuav qhia cov qib sib txawv ntawm lub zog band.Thaum Erbium ions tau doped rau hauv silica fiber ntau, txhua qhov ntawm lawv cov qib zog sib cais rau hauv ntau qib uas muaj feem cuam tshuam los tsim kom muaj zog band.

1.4 Amplification mechanism hauv EDFA

Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov pej xeem inversion, Er3 + ions yog pumped nyob rau theem nrab 2. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev indirect (980-nm twj), Er3+ ions yog tsis tu ncua txav los ntawm qib 1 mus rau qib 3. Nws yog ua raws li los ntawm non-radiatively lwj mus rau theem 2, los ntawm qhov twg lawv poob mus rau qib 1, radiating cov teeb liab kho qhov muag hauv qhov xav tau wavelength ntawm 1500-1600 nm.Qhov no yog hu ua 3-theem amplification mechanism.

Yog xav paub ntxiv Erbium-doped khoom, thov saib hauv peb lub vev xaib.

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