Raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm luv-yoj infrared lasers, muaj peb hom luv-yoj infrared lasers, uas yog semiconductor lasers, fiber ntau lasers thiab solid-state lasers.Ntawm lawv, cov lasers solid-state tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev lasers raws li kev hloov kho qhov muag uas tsis yog-linear wavelength hloov dua siab tshiab thiab cov lasers solid-state uas ncaj qha tsim hluav taws xob luv luv infrared lasers los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm laser.
Semiconductor lasers siv cov khoom siv semiconductor ua cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm laser, thiab cov zis laser wavelength yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor.Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv science, lub zog bands ntawm cov ntaub ntawv semiconductor tuaj yeem raug kho kom haum rau ntau yam ntawm laser wavelengths los ntawm lub zog band engineering.Yog li ntawd, ntau yam luv-yoj infrared laser wavelengths tuaj yeem tau txais nrog semiconductor lasers.
nws raug laser ua hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm luv-yoj infrared semiconductor laser yog phosphor khoom.Piv txwv li, ib qho indium phosphide semiconductor laser nrog aperture loj ntawm 95 μm tau tso zis laser wavelengths ntawm 1.55 μm thiab 1.625 μm, thiab lub zog tau mus txog 1.5 W.
Fiber laser siv tsis tshua muaj-lub ntiaj teb-doped iav fiber ntau li laser nruab nrab thiab semiconductor laser li lub twj tso kua mis.Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo xws li qhov pib qis, kev hloov pauv siab ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, cov qauv yooj yim, thiab kev ntseeg siab.Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua ntawm qhov dav dav ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob ion hluav taws xob los tsim cov fiber ntau tunable los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag xws li gratings hauv laser resonator.Fiber lasers tau dhau los ua ib qho kev taw qhia tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuab laser.
1.Solid-state laser
Lub zog-lub xeev laser nce xov xwm uas tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob luv luv infrared lasers feem ntau yog Er: YAG crystals thiab ceramics, thiab Er-doped iav.Lub zog-lub xeev laser raws li Er:YAG siv lead ua thiab ceramics tuaj yeem ncaj qha tso tawm 1.645μm luv-yoj infrared laser, uas yog qhov chaw kub hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm luv-yoj infrared laser nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no [3-5].Tam sim no, lub zog pulse ntawm Er: YAG lasers siv electro-optic lossis acousto-optic Q-hloov tau mus txog ob peb mus rau kaum ntawm mJ, mem tes dav ntawm kaum tawm ns, thiab ntau zaus ntawm kaum mus rau txhiab Hz.Yog tias 1.532 μm semiconductor laser siv los ua lub twj tso kua mis, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm laser active reconnaissance thiab laser countermeasures, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws stealth nyhuv ntawm ib txwm laser ceeb toom li.
Er iav laser muaj cov qauv compact, tus nqi qis, lub teeb yuag, thiab tuaj yeem paub Q-hloov ua haujlwm.Nws yog lub teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshawb pom ntawm luv-yoj infrared laser.Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog plaub qhov tsis txaus ntawm Er iav cov ntaub ntawv: Ua ntej, lub hauv paus wavelength ntawm qhov nqus spectrum yog 940 nm lossis 976 nm, uas ua rau lub teeb siv lub teeb nyuaj kom ua tiav;Qhov thib ob, kev npaj ntawm Er iav cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov nyuaj thiab nws tsis yooj yim los ua qhov loj me;Thib peb, Er iav Cov khoom siv tsis zoo thermal, thiab nws tsis yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm rov ua haujlwm ntau zaus, cia ib leeg ua haujlwm tas li;plaub, tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog Q-hloov khoom.Txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb ntawm luv-yoj infrared laser raws li Er iav yeej ib txwm nyiam cov neeg nyiam, vim yog plaub yam saum toj no, tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam tawm.Txog rau xyoo 1990, nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm semiconductor laser bars nrog wavelengths ntawm 940 nm thiab 980 nm, thiab tshwm sim ntawm saturated absorption cov ntaub ntawv xws li Co2 +: MgAl2O4 (cobalt-doped magnesium aluminate), ob tug loj bottlenecks ntawm lub twj tso kua mis thiab Q-hloov. tau tawg.Kev tshawb fawb ntawm iav lasers tau tsim sai heev.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kuv lub teb chaws me me Er iav laser module, uas integrates semiconductor twj tso kua mis, Er iav thiab resonant kab noj hniav, hnyav tsis ntau tshaj 10 g, thiab muaj ib tug me me batch tsim muaj peev xwm ntawm 50 kW ncov fais fab modules.Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv iav Er iav, qhov rov ua dua ntawm cov laser module tseem tsawg.Lub laser zaus ntawm 50 kW module tsuas yog 5 Hz, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws laser zaus ntawm 20 kW module yog 10 Hz, uas tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv cov ntawv thov tsawg zaus.
Lub 1.064 μm laser tso zis los ntawm Nd:YAG pulsed laser muaj lub zog siab txog li megawatts.Thaum lub teeb ci zoo li no dhau los ntawm qee cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb, nws cov photons yog inelastically tawg rau ntawm cov khoom siv molecules, uas yog, photons tau absorbed thiab tsim cov photons tsawg zaus.Muaj ob hom tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv zaus no: ib qho yog nonlinear crystals, xws li KTP, LiNbO3, thiab lwm yam;lwm qhov yog cov pa roj siab xws li H2.Muab lawv tso rau hauv qhov kho qhov muag resonant kab noj hniav los tsim ib qho optical parametric oscillator (OPO).
OPO raws li cov pa roj siab siab feem ntau yog hais txog qhov ua kom muaj zog Raman tawg lub teeb parametric oscillator.Lub twj tso kua mis lub teeb yog ib feem absorbed thiab generates ib tug tsawg zaus lub teeb yoj.Raman paub tab siv lub laser 1.064 μm los tso cov pa roj H2 kom tau txais 1.54 μm luv-yoj infrared laser.
DUAB 1
Daim ntawv thov raug siv ntawm shortwave infrared GV system yog cov duab ntev ntev thaum hmo ntuj.Lub laser illuminator yuav tsum yog ib tug luv luv-pulse luv-yoj infrared laser nrog siab ncov lub hwj chim, thiab nws repetition zaus yuav tsum tau raws li lub thav duab zaus ntawm lub koob yees duab strobed.Raws li cov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm luv-yoj infrared lasers hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, diode-pumped Er: YAG lasers thiab OPO-based 1.57 μm solid-state lasers yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj.Qhov zaus rov ua dua thiab lub zog ncov ntawm qhov me me Er iav laser tseem yuav tsum tau txhim kho.3.Daim ntawv thov ntawm luv-yoj infrared laser nyob rau hauv photoelectric anti-reconnaissance
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm luv-yoj infrared laser anti-reconnaissance yog irradiate tus yeeb ncuab lub optoelectronic reconnaissance khoom ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub luv-yoj infrared band nrog luv-yoj infrared laser beams, thiaj li hais tias nws yuav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tsis ncaj ncees lawm lub hom phiaj los yog tsis ua hauj lwm ib txwm, los yog txawm. lub detector puas lawm.Muaj ob txoj hauv kev luv-yoj infrared laser los tiv thaiv kev tshawb nrhiav, uas yog qhov kev dag ntxias kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub qhov muag-kev nyab xeeb laser rangefinder thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub koob yees duab luv luv infrared.
1.1 Distance deception cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub qhov muag kev nyab xeeb laser rangefinder
Lub pulsed laser rangefinder converts qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab lub hom phiaj los ntawm lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm lub laser mem tes rov qab mus rau ntawm lub launching point thiab lub hom phiaj.Yog hais tias lub rangefinder detector tau txais lwm yam laser pulses ua ntej lub teeb liab ncha ntawm lub hom phiaj mus txog lub community launch point, nws yuav nres lub sij hawm, thiab lub converted nrug tsis yog qhov deb ntawm lub hom phiaj, tab sis me dua qhov deb ntawm lub hom phiaj.False nrug, uas ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm deceiving qhov deb ntawm qhov rangefinder.Rau qhov muag-kev nyab xeeb laser rangefinders, luv-yoj infrared mem tes lasers ntawm tib lub wavelength tuaj yeem siv los siv kev cuam tshuam deb deb.
Lub laser uas siv qhov kev dag ntxias kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov rangefinder simulates lub diffuse reflection ntawm lub hom phiaj mus rau lub laser, yog li lub laser ncov lub hwj chim yog tsawg heev, tab sis ob yam hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ntsib:
1) Lub laser wavelength yuav tsum yog tib yam li qhov ua haujlwm wavelength ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rangefinder.Ib qho kev cuam tshuam lim raug ntsia rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub rangefinder detector, thiab bandwidth yog nqaim heev.Lasers nrog wavelengths uas tsis yog lub wavelength ua hauj lwm tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub ntsej muag photosensitive ntawm lub ntes.Txawm tias 1.54 μm thiab 1.57 μm lasers nrog cov wavelengths zoo sib xws tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg.
2) Lub laser repetition zaus yuav tsum siab txaus.Lub rangefinder detector teb rau lub teeb liab laser ncav cuag nws qhov chaw photosensitive tsuas yog thaum ntsuas qhov ntau.Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov mem tes yuav tsum tsawg kawg nyem rau hauv qhov rangefinder yoj rooj vag 2 mus rau 3 pulses.Lub rooj vag ntau yam uas tuaj yeem ua tiav tam sim no yog nyob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm μs, yog li kev cuam tshuam laser yuav tsum muaj ntau zaus rov ua dua.Siv lub hom phiaj deb ntawm 3 km ua piv txwv, lub sij hawm xav tau rau lub laser rov qab mus rau ib zaug yog 20 μs.Yog tias tsawg kawg 2 pulses nkag mus, lub laser repetition zaus yuav tsum ncav cuag 50 kHz.Yog tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub laser rangefinder yog 300 m, qhov zaus ntawm lub jammer tsis tuaj yeem qis dua 500 kHz.Tsuas yog semiconductor lasers thiab fiber ntau lasers tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev rov ua dua siab dua.
1.2 Tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub koob yees duab luv luv infrared
Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub luv-yoj infrared imaging system, lub koob yees duab luv luv infrared muaj qhov txwv tsis pub muaj ntau yam ntawm cov lus teb optical zog ntawm nws InGaAs focal dav hlau ntes.Yog hais tias qhov teeb meem kho qhov muag lub hwj chim tshaj qhov txwv sab sauv ntawm qhov dynamic ntau yam, saturation yuav tshwm sim, thiab lub detector tsis tuaj yeem ua cov duab ib txwm muaj.Lub zog siab dua Lub laser yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj mus tas li rau lub tshuab ntes.
Nruam thiab tsis tshua muaj siab peak fais fab semiconductor lasers thiab fiber ntau lasers nrog siab repetition zaus yog haum rau nruam kev cuam tshuam ntawm luv-yoj infrared koob yees duab.Txuas ntxiv irradiate lub koob yees duab luv-yoj infrared nrog lub laser.Vim qhov loj-magnification condensing nyhuv ntawm lub qhov muag lens, thaj tsam mus txog ntawm lub laser diffused qhov chaw ntawm lub InGaAs focal dav hlau yog heev saturated, thiab yog li ntawd tsis tuaj yeem ua duab ib txwm.Tsuas yog tom qab lub laser irradiation raug tso tseg rau ib lub sij hawm, cov duab kev ua tau zoo yuav maj mam rov qab mus rau qhov qub.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm laser active countermeasure cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub pom thiab ze-infrared bands thiab ntau yam kev puas tsuaj kev ntsuam xyuas, tsuas yog luv-mem tes lasers nrog lub ncov hwj chim ntawm megawatts thiab saum toj no yuav ua rau irreversible kev puas tsuaj rau TV. koob yees duab ntawm ib tug deb ntawm kilometers deb.kev puas tsuaj.Txawm hais tias qhov kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem ua tiav, lub zog siab ntawm lub laser yog qhov tseem ceeb.Ntev npaum li lub hwj chim siab siab tshaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov kev puas tsuaj, ib qho mem tes tuaj yeem ua rau lub tshuab ntes puas.Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm laser tsim teeb meem, tshav kub dissipation thiab lub zog noj, repetition zaus ntawm lub laser tsis tas yuav tsum tau mus txog lub thav duab tus nqi ntawm lub koob yees duab los yog ntau dua, thiab 10 Hz mus rau 20 Hz tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev siv sib ntaus sib tua.Lawm, shortwave infrared koob yees duab tsis muaj qhov zam.
InGaAs focal dav hlau detectors suav nrog electron bombardment CCDs raws li InGaAs/InP electron migration photocathodes thiab CMOS tom qab tsim.Lawv qhov saturation thiab kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv tib qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj npaum li Si-based CCD / CMOS, tab sis InGaAs / InP-based detectors tseem tsis tau txais.Saturation thiab kev puas tsuaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm CCD/COMS.
Raws li cov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm shortwave infrared lasers nyob rau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, 1.57 μm repetitive zaus solid-state laser raws li OPO tseem yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau laser puas rau CCD/COMS.Nws cov atmospheric penetration kev ua tau zoo thiab siab ncov lub hwj chim luv luv mem tes laser Lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab ib tug mem tes zoo yam ntxwv yog pom tseeb rau cov mos mos tua lub zog ntawm qhov ntev-ntev optoelectronic system nruab nrog luv-yoj infrared koob yees duab.
2 .Tau kawg
Short-wave infrared lasers nrog wavelengths nruab nrab ntawm 1.1 μm thiab 1.7 μm muaj siab atmospheric transmittance thiab muaj zog muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau haze, nag, daus, pa luam yeeb, xuab zeb thiab hmoov av.Nws yog qhov pom tsis tau rau cov khoom siv tsis pom kev hmo ntuj uas tsis pom kev.Lub laser nyob rau hauv lub 1.4 μm mus rau 1.6 μm band muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg lub qhov muag, thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv xws li ib tug paub tab detector nrog ib tug ncov teb wavelength nyob rau hauv no ntau yam, thiab tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb txoj kev loj hlob kev taw qhia rau laser tub rog daim ntaub ntawv.
Daim ntawv no txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm plaub yam luv-yoj infrared lasers, suav nrog phosphor semiconductor lasers, Er-doped fiber ntau lasers, Er-doped solid-state lasers, thiab OPO-raws li solid-state lasers, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv ntawm no luv-yoj infrared lasers nyob rau hauv photoelectric active reconnaissance.Tej daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv anti-reconnaissance.
1) Nruam thiab tsis tshua muaj zog ncov siab repetition zaus phosphor semiconductor lasers thiab Er-doped fiber ntau lasers yog tsuas yog siv rau kev pab teeb pom kev zoo rau ntev-ntev stealth soj ntsuam thiab aiming hmo ntuj thiab suppressing cuam tshuam rau yeeb ncuab luv-yoj infrared koob yees duab.High-repetition luv luv-pulse phosphor semiconductor lasers thiab Er-doped fiber ntau lasers kuj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub teeb qhov chaw rau ntau-pulse system qhov muag kev nyab xeeb xws li, laser scanning imaging radar thiab qhov muag kev nyab xeeb laser rangefinder deb kev cuam tshuam.
2) OPO-based solid-state lasers nrog tus nqi qis dua tab sis nrog lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm megawatts lossis txawm tias kaum megawatts tuaj yeem siv dav hauv flash duab radar, ntev-ntev laser gating soj ntsuam thaum hmo ntuj, luv-yoj infrared laser puas thiab tsoos hom tej thaj chaw deb tib neeg ob lub qhov muag Safety laser range.
3) Qhov me me Er iav laser yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia ceev tshaj plaws ntawm luv-yoj infrared lasers nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los.Lub zog tam sim no thiab rov ua dua zaus tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov me me qhov muag kev nyab xeeb laser rangefinders.Nyob rau lub sijhawm, thaum lub zog siab tshaj plaws mus txog qib megawatt, nws tuaj yeem siv rau flash imaging radar, laser gating soj ntsuam, thiab laser puas rau lub koob yees duab luv luv infrared.
4) Lub diode-pumped Er: YAG laser uas nkaum lub laser ceeb toom ntaus ntawv yog lub ntsiab kev loj hlob kev taw qhia ntawm high-power luv-yoj infrared lasers.Nws muaj peev xwm siv tau zoo hauv flash lidar, qhov ntev-ntev laser gating soj ntsuam thaum hmo ntuj, thiab laser puas.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, raws li riam phom systems muaj ntau dua thiab siab dua cov kev cai rau kev koom ua ke ntawm optoelectronic systems, cov khoom siv laser me me thiab lub teeb yuag tau dhau los ua ib qho kev tsis pom kev hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv laser.Semiconductor lasers, fiber ntau lasers thiab me me lasers nrog me me, lub teeb yuag thiab tsawg zog noj Er iav lasers tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm luv-yoj infrared lasers.Tshwj xeeb, fiber ntau lasers nrog cov kab teeb pom kev zoo muaj peev xwm siv tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm hmo ntuj pab teeb pom kev zoo, stealth soj ntsuam thiab aiming, scanning imaging lidar, thiab laser suppression cuam tshuam.Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog / lub zog ntawm peb hom me me thiab lub teeb yuag lasers feem ntau tsis tshua muaj, thiab tsuas yog siv tau rau qee qhov kev tshawb nrhiav luv luv, thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav ntev thiab kev tshawb nrhiav counter.Yog li ntawd, lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yog nce lub zog laser / lub zog.
OPO-based solid-state lasers muaj cov kab teeb pom kev zoo thiab lub zog siab siab, thiab lawv qhov zoo hauv kev soj ntsuam mus ntev, flash duab radar thiab laser puas tseem pom tseeb heev, thiab laser tso zis zog thiab laser repetition zaus yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv. .Rau diode-pumped Er:YAG lasers, yog tias lub zog pulse yog nce thaum lub mem tes dav ntxiv compressed, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau OPO solid-state lasers.Nws muaj qhov zoo hauv kev soj ntsuam ntev-ntev gated, flash duab radar, thiab laser puas.Muaj peev xwm siv tau zoo heev.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov khoom lag luam, koj tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas peb lub vev xaib:
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Sijhawm hloov tshiab: Mar-02-2022
